What is Chlorogenic acid: 

Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic natural product isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants, including the coffee bean, . Structurally, chlorogenic acid is the ester of caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxyl group of quinic acid.
Chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, but is also found widespread in plants and can be isolated from the leaves and fruit . This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal.

Structurally, chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the ester formed between caffeic acid and (L)-quinicacid(1L-1(OH),3,4/5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid).

Isomerisation  of the  quinic acid in position 3, (3-CQA), 4 (4-CQA) and 5 (5-CQA). Isomerisation at position 1 has not yet been reported. Isomers of chlorogenic acid are found in potatoes. They are 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid(crypto-chlorogenic acid),5-O-caffeoylquinic acid(neo-chlorogenic acid),3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid。

Biological  properties

The biological properties of chlorogenic acid depend on its absorption in the gut and on its metabolism. Although the bioavailabilities of caffeic and ferulic acids have been investigated in several studies  little is known about the bioavailability of chlorogenic acid. In rats and humans, chlorogenic acid ingested as a pure compound or in coffee has not been detected  or found only as traces in urine. This was attributed to a poor absorption of chlorogenic acid through the small intestine barrier. Chlorogenic acid was also shown to be metabolized by the gut microflora into various aromatic acid metabolites including m-coumaric acid and derivatives ofphenylpropionic and benzoic acids. These microbial metabolites may contribute to explaining the biological  properties of polyphenols poorly absorbed in the gut such as chlorogenic acid. However, their  importance has seldom been assessed in vivo.

Has significant clearing of chlorogenic acid, antibacterial anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effect, inhibition of digestive tract cancer significantly, with antibiotics and its role in the regulation of the immune system.

Chlorogenic acid can be found in bamboo Phyllostachys edulis. as well as in many other plants. It is one of the major phenolic compounds identified in peach and in prunes. It also is one of the phenols found in coffee. Chlorogenic acid, its 3-O-glucoside, 3-O-galactoside and 3-O-arabinoside can be found in the shoots of Calluna vulgaris (heather).

Chlorogenic acid is marketed under the tradename Svetol in Norway and the United Kingdom as a food active ingredient used in coffee, chewing gum, and mints to promote weight reduction.

Chlorogenic acid has been shown in in vitro studies to inhibit the hydrolysis of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase in an irreversible fashion. This mechanism allows chlorogenic acid to reduce hepatic glycogenolysis (transformation of glycogen into glucose) and to reduce the absorption of new glucose. In addition, in vivo studies on animal subjects have demonstrated that the administration of chlorogenic acid lessens the hyperglycemic peak resulting from the glycogenolysis brought about by the administering of glucagon, a hyperglycemiant hormone.

It could be involved in the laxative effect observed in prunes.Chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is a major phenolic compound in coffee, but is also found widespread in plants and can be isolated from the leaves and fruit  This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal.

Biological importance

This acid is an important factor in plant metabolism. It is also an antioxidant and an inhibitor of the tumor promoting activity of phorbol esters; at concentrations as high as 100 µg/L, does not inhibit the 5-lipoxygenase activity of ionophore-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are antioxidants in vitro and might therefore contribute to the prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular disease .

Chlorogenic acid has been proven in animal studies in vitro to inhibit the hydrolysis of the glucose-6-phosphate enzyme in an irreversible fashion. This mechanism allows chlorogenic acid to reduce hepatic glycogenolysis (transformation of glycogen into glucose) and to reduce the absorption of new glucose. In addition, in vivo studies on animal subjects have demonstrated that the administration of chlorogenic acid lessens the hyperglycemic peak resulting from the glycogenolysis brought about by the administering of glucagen, a hyperglycemiant hormone. The studies also confirmed a reduction in blood glucose levels and an increase in the intrahepatic concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate and of glycogen.

Chlorogenic acid can be used as anti-infectious active ingredient, it has wide anti-virus, anti-bacteria effects, and has relatively lower toxicity and side-effects. It has obvious anti-infectious effects, and does not like to lead Anti-microbial Resistance.

Due to its obvious anti-infectious effects, it not only can be used in pharmaceutical field but can be used widely in many other fields like food, feed additives, cosmetics also.

Chlorogenic Acid—Best ingredients for cosmetic products